路由器查看接口状态

路由器查看接口状态
路由器查看接口状态 提问 查看当前路由器接 口状态回答Router1#show interfacesRouter1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/1Router1#show ip interface briefRouter1#show ip interface FastEthernet0/1注释 show interface命令得输出有很多得信息，网上一些中文文档详细介绍输出得含义，这里不翻译了。Txload和rxload这两个测量值得周期缺省是5分钟，可以使用load-interval 60 命令来修改其为60秒，必须是30得倍数，最长10分钟。再来一个隐藏命令Router1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/1 statsFastEthernet0/1          Switching path    Pkts In   Chars In   Pkts Out  Chars Out               Processor     294567   18704930     239526   22219870             Route cache       7758     681257      48303    6129834                   Total     302325   19386187     287829   28349704Processor是process switching，Route cache是Fast Switching16.2.  配置串行接口提问 为广域网连接配置串行接口回答Router3#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router3(config)#interface Serial1Router3(config-if)#description WAN Connection to ChicagoRouter3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.99.5 255.255.255.252Router3(config-if)#encapsulation hdlcRouter3(config-if)#clock rate 56000Router3(config-if)#no shutdownRouter3(config-if)#exitRouter3(config)#endRouter3#注释 在DCE侧需要配置clock rate，如果是DTE配置了clock rate路由器会忽略此配置。通过show controller serial 命令来判断连接线缆得类型。缺省情况路由器会认为串口为1.544M带宽，而实际可能不是，为了准确进行路由协议度量值计算，需要人工bandwidth命令来修改，注意这里得单位是Kilobits每秒，而clock rate是bits每秒16.3.  使用内置T1 CSU/DSU提问 使用内置T1 CSU/DSU配置广域网连接回答Router1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#interface Serial0/1Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.99.9 255.255.255.252Router1(config-if)#no shutdownRouter1(config-if)#service-module t1 timeslots 1-12Router1(config-if)#exitRouter1(config)#endRouter1#注释 缺省每个channel使用64Kbps，如果电路是56k的需要在上述service module命令后面加上speed 56。还有很多的参数，需要和对端一致Router1(config-if)#service-module t1 linecode amiRouter1(config-if)#service-module t1 data-coding invertedRouter1(config-if)#service-module t1 framing sfRouter1(config-if)#service-module t1 fdl ansiRouter1(config-if)#service-module t1 fdl attRouter1(config-if)#service-module t1 remote-alarm-enable通常运营商会提供时钟，如果在实验网络需要其成为DCE需要配置service-module t1 clock source internal 来提供时钟16.4. 使用内置ISDN PRI 模块提问 配置内置ISDN PRI 模块回答Router8#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router8(config)#isdn switch-type primary-dms100Router8(config)#controller T1 0Router8(config-controlle)#framing esfRouter8(config-controlle)#clock source line primaryRouter8(config-controlle)#linecode b8zsRouter8(config-controlle)#pri-group timeslots 1-24Router8(config-controlle)#exitRouter8(config)#endRouter8#注释 无16.5.  使用内置56 Kbps CSU/DSU提问 配置内置56 Kbps CSU/DSU回答Router2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface Serial0/1Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.99.25 255.255.255.252Router2(config-if)#no shutdownRouter2(config-if)#service-module 56k clock rate 9.6Router2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#注释 这种模块没有见过，有点晕，先略一下16.6.  配置异步串行接口提问 配置一个同步/异步串行接口工作于异步模式回答Router3#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router3(config)#interface Serial1/7Router3(config-if)#physical-layer asyncRouter3(config-if)#encapsulation pppRouter3(config-if)#exitRouter3(config)#line 40Router3(config-line)#speed 115200Router3(config-line)#exitRouter3(config)#endRouter3#注释 在配置了physical-layer async命令以后需要查看line号Router3#show line  Tty Typ    Tx/Rx    A Modem Roty AccO AccI  Uses  Noise  Overruns  Int    0 CTY             -    -     -    -    -     0      0     0/0      -   40 TTY  9600/9600  -    -     -    -    -     0      0     0/0     Se1/7   65 AUX  2400/2400  F    -     -    -    -     0      0     0/0      -看到Se1/7为line 40，同时其速率变为9600，所以需要使用speed命令来修改速率16.7.  配置ATM子接口提问 基于PVC得ATM链路互联回答老方法Router2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface ATM0/0Router2(config-if)#no ip addressRouter2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#interface ATM0/0.1 point-to-pointRouter2(config-subif)#description PVC to New YorkRouter2(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.250.146 255.255.255.252Router2(config-subif)#atm pvc 1 0 60 aal5snap 10000 5000 3 oam 5Router2(config-subif)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#11.3以后使用思科特性周期性发送ATM OAM信元来测试VCRouter2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface ATM0/0Router2(config-if)#no ip addressRouter2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#interface ATM0/0.1 point-to-pointRouter2(config-subif)#description PVC to New YorkRouter2(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.250.146 255.255.255.252Router2(config-subif)#pvc 0/60Router2(config-if-atm-vc)#vbr-nrt 10000 5000 30Router2(config-if-atm-vc)#oam-pvc manage 5Router2(config-if-atm-vc)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#注释 第一种方法验证Router2#show atm pvc 0/60ATM0/0.1: VCD: 1, VPI: 0, VCI: 60, etype:0×0, AAL5 – LLC/SNAP, Flags: 0×830PeakRate: 10000, Average Rate: 5000, Burst Cells: 96, VCmode: 0xE000OAM frequency: 5 second(s), InARP frequency: 15 minute(s)InPkts: 1292959637, OutPkts: 3327374998, InBytes: 2196038015, OutBytes: 813592646InPRoc: 19959239, OutPRoc: 24660, Broadcasts: 19481389InFast: 1212924649, OutFast: 3297025318, InAS: 60075750, OutAS: 10843631OAM F5 cells sent: 6804133, OAM cells received: 6740056Status: ACTIVEVCD是本地有效，VPI VCI必须和对端相同，至于封装协议推荐是AAL5SNAP，如果需要支持PPP则改为AAL5CISCOPPP在新方法里面已经没有配置VCD了，并且如果3个OAM信元没有收到就会标记此接口断掉，在12.2(4)T后还引入了Router2(config)#snmp-server enable traps atm pvc extension oam failure loopback 来支持SNMP告警 设置有效载荷绕码（Payload Scrambling）提问回答Router2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface ATM0/0Router2(config-if)#atm ds3-scramble  （atm e3-scramble）Router2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#Router4#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router4(config)#interface ATM0/0Router4(config-if)#atm scrambling cell-payloadRouter4(config-if)#exitRouter4(config)#endRouter4#注释 暂略16.9.  传统的ATM承载IP（Classical IP Over ATM）提问 配置路由器支持SVC和传统的ATM承载IP回答首先ATMARP ServerRouter1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#interface ATM1/0Router1(config-if)#no ip addressRouter1(config-if)#atm ilmi-keepaliveRouter1(config-if)#pvc 0/5 qsaalRouter1(config-if-atm-vc)#exitRouter1(config-if)#pvc 0/16 ilmiRouter1(config-if-atm-vc)#exitRouter1(config-if)#exitRouter1(config)#interface ATM1/0.1 multipointRouter1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.123.1 255.255.255.0Router1(config-subif)#atm esi-address A000C0A87B01.01Router1(config-subif)#atm arp-server selfRouter1(config-subif)#exitRouter1(config)#endRouter1#其他ClientRouter2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface ATM1/0Router2(config-if)#no ip addressRouter2(config-if)#atm ilmi-keepaliveRouter2(config-if)#pvc 0/5 qsaalRouter2(config-if-atm-vc)#exitRouter2(config-if)#pvc 0/16 ilmiRouter2(config-if-atm-vc)#exitRouter2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#interface ATM1/0.1 multipointRouter2(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.123.2 255.255.255.0Router2(config-subif)#atm esi-address A000C0A87B02.01Router2(config-subif)#atm arp-server nsap 47.00918100000000e014cd0001.A000C0A87B01.01Router2(config-subif)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#注释 除了上面的使用ATM SVC以外，还有Local Area Network Emulation (LANE)和Multiple Protocols over ATM (MPOA)也支持，都是解决Quasi Signaling Application Adaptation Layer (QSAAL) 协议和nterim Local Management Interface (ILMI)的问题。在客户机配置arp服务器的地址要记得加上前缀，并不仅仅是服务器的ESI地址16.10.  配置以太网接口特性提问 对以太网接口得速率，双工等特性进行配置回答Router1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0Router1(config-if)#media-type 100BaseXRouter1(config-if)#duplex fullRouter1(config-if)#speed 100Router1(config-if)#mac-address 0AAA.ABCD.0101Router1(config-if)#arp timeout 60Router1(config-if)#keepalive 5Router1(config-if)#exitRouter1(config)#endRouter1#注释 无16.11.  配置令牌环接口特性提问 配置令牌环接口回答Router2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface TokenRing0Router2(config-if)#ring-speed 4Router8(config-if)#full-duplexRouter2(config-if)#mac-address 0006.1111.aaaaRouter2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#注释 不是所有得令牌环模块都支持全双工16.12.  使用ISL协议配置Vlan Trunks提问 使用ISL协议配置Vlan Trunks回答Router1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0Router1(config-if)#no ip addressRouter1(config-if)#speed 100Router1(config-if)#full-duplexRouter1(config-if)#exitRouter1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.1Router1(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 1Router1(config-subif)#ip address 172.25.1.5 255.255.255.0Router1(config-subif)#exitRouter1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.2Router1(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 2Router1(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0Router1(config-subif)#exitRouter1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.3Router1(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 574Router1(config-subif)#ip address 10.22.1.2 255.255.255.0Router1(config-subif)#exitRouter1(config)#endRouter1#注释 通常所说的单臂路由，ISL是思科特有的Router1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/0.3Encapsulation ISL Virtual LAN, Color 574.在12.2(4)T以后增加了Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.1Router1(config-if)#ip unnumbered Loopback016.13.  使用802.1Q协议配置VLAN Trunks提问 使用802.1Q协议配置Vlan Trunks回答Router2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0Router2(config-if)#no ip addressRouter2(config-if)#speed 100Router2(config-if)#full-duplexRouter2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0.1Router2(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 nativeRouter2(config-subif)#ip address 172.25.1.47 255.255.255.0Router2(config-subif)#exitRouter2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0.2Router2(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2Router2(config-subif)#ip address 172.25.22.4 255.255.255.0Router2(config-subif)#exitRouter2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0.3Router2(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 548Router2(config-subif)#ip address 172.20.1.1 255.255.255.0Router2(config-subif)#exitRouter2(config)#endRouter2#注释 这里面要注意的是native vlan的配置，缺省是vlan 1，但是也可以设定为其他的，要保证路由器的native vlan和交换机的是一致的<!–[if !supportLists]–>16.14.       <!–[endif]–>LPD Printer Support提问 把打印机接到路由器的异步串行口上回答Router1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#printer rtlpr1 line 161Router1(config)#endRouter1#注释 首先要有一台主机支持Berkeley Unix LPD print program，然后配置主机etc/printcap 把打印工作转到路由器，然后你的打印机要支持串口连接，最后通过show line的命令找到AUX端口的line号，也就是上例子中的161，同时建议下面配置Router1(config)#line aux 0Router1(config-line)#no execRouter1(config-line)#no loginRouter1(config-line)#no passwordRouter1(config-line)#transport input noneRouter1(config-line)#speed 115200Router1(config-line)#exitRouter1#show printerPrinter  Line  Rotary  Errors Connections Datafiles Controlfiles   Bytesrtlpr1    161     0         0         0          0         0           0Router1#

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